Kukula kwa Domestic Container Waterborne Transport ku China
Gawo Loyamba la Domestic Container Transport
China zoweta containerized madzi zoyendera anayamba ndi oyambirira. M'zaka za m'ma 1950, zotengera zamatabwa zinali kale ntchito yonyamula katundu pakati pa Shanghai Port ndi Dalian Port.
Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 1970, zotengera zachitsulo—makamaka m’matani a matani 5 ndi matani 10—zinaloŵetsedwa m’sitima ya njanji ndipo pang’onopang’ono zinapititsidwa patsogolo m’mayendedwe apanyanja.
Komabe, chifukwa cha zolepheretsa zingapo monga:
• Kukwera mtengo kwa ntchito
• Kusatukuka bwino
• Kuchepa kwa msika
• Zosowa zapakhomo zosakwanira
Kukwera kwa Standardized Domestic Container Transport
Kukula kosalekeza kwa kusintha ndi kutsegulira kwa China, pamodzi ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka chuma, kwathandizira kwambiri kukula kwa malonda a kunja ndi kunja kwa dziko.
Mayendedwe a makontena adayamba kuyenda bwino, makamaka m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe zomanga ndi zofunikira zazinthu zidapangidwa.
Kukula kwa ntchito zotengera zotengera zakunja kudapangitsa kuti pakhale mikhalidwe yabwino pakukula kwa msika wa zonyamula zotengera zam'nyumba, kupereka:
• Zochita zopindulitsa kwambiri
• Maukonde ambiri mayendedwe
• Mapulatifomu odziwa zambiri
Chochitika chofunikira kwambiri chinachitika pa Disembala 16, 1996, pomwe chotengera choyamba chaku China chomwe chidakonzedwa m'nyumba, chotchedwa "Fengshun", chidachoka ku doko la Xiamen litanyamula zotengera zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Mawonekedwe a mayendedwe apam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi akuphatikiza:
01. Kuchita bwino kwambiri
Mayendedwe a Containerized amalola kuti katundu akwezedwe ndikutsitsidwa mwachangu, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe ndi kasamalidwe, ndikuwongolera kuyenda bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa chidebe chokhazikika kumathandizira zombo ndi madoko kuti zigwirizane bwino, kupititsa patsogolo kuyendetsa bwino.
02. Zachuma
Kuyendetsa m'makontena panyanja nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika mtengo kuposa kumtunda. Makamaka katundu wochuluka ndi zoyendera mtunda wautali, mayendedwe otengera panyanja amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoyendera.
03. Chitetezo
Chidebecho chili ndi dongosolo lamphamvu ndi ntchito yosindikiza, yomwe ingateteze bwino katundu ku kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chakunja. Nthawi yomweyo, njira zachitetezo pamayendedwe apanyanja zimatsimikiziranso kuyenda bwino kwa katundu.
04. Kusinthasintha
Kuyendera kwa Container kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti katundu asamutsidwe kuchokera kudoko lina kupita ku lina, pozindikira kulumikizana kosasunthika kwa mayendedwe amitundumitundu. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumathandizira mayendedwe apamadzi apanyanja kuti agwirizane ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana.
05. Kuteteza chilengedwe
Poyerekeza ndi mayendedwe apamsewu, zoyendera zotengera m'nyanja zimakhala ndi mpweya wochepa, womwe umathandizira kuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mayendedwe okhala ndi makontena amachepetsanso kutulutsa zinyalala zonyamula, zomwe zimathandizira kuteteza chilengedwe.
| Njira zaku South China | Madoko Opita | Nthawi Yoyenda |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (kudzera Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 masiku |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (kudzera Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | 3 masiku |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (kudzera Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | 3 masiku |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | 5 masiku |
| Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | 5 masiku |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | 7 masiku |
| Njira zaku North China | Madoko Opita | Nthawi Yoyenda |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | 2.5 masiku |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (via Tianjin) | 2.5 masiku |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (kudzera Pacific International Terminal) | 2.5 masiku |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | 2.5 masiku |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (kudzera ku Rizhao, ndikulumikizana ndi Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, ndi Weifang) | 2.5 masiku |
| Njira za Mtsinje wa Yangtze | Madoko Opita | Nthawi Yoyenda |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | 7-8 masiku |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (via Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | 20 masiku |
Maukonde apano akutumiza zotengera zam'nyumba afikira madera onse a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku China ndi mabeseni akulu akulu. Njira zonse zokhazikitsidwa zimagwira ntchito pamayendedwe okhazikika, okhazikika. Makampani oyendetsa sitima zapakhomo omwe amagwira ntchito m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje akuphatikiza: Zhonggu Shipping, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, ndi Antong Holdings.
Taicang Port yakhazikitsa ntchito zotumizira mwachindunji kumalo otsetsereka ku Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, ndi Nanchang, ndikuwonjezeranso kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe opita ku Suqian. Izi zimalimbitsa kulumikizana ndi malo onyamula katundu ku Anhui, Henan, ndi Jiangxi. Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pakukulitsa msika m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze.
Mitundu Yambiri Yama Container mu Kutumiza Kwapakhomo Kwapakhomo
Zofotokozera za Chotengera:
• 20GP (General Purpose 20-foot chidebe)
• Miyeso Yamkati: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Kulemera Kwambiri Kwambiri: 27 matani
• Voliyumu Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito: 24–26 CBM
• Dzina lakutchulira: "Chotengera chaching'ono"
• 40GP (General Purpose 40-foot container)
• Makulidwe amkati: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Kulemera Kwambiri Kwambiri: 26 matani
• Voliyumu Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito: pafupifupi. 54 CBM
• Dzina lakutchulira: "Chotengera Chokhazikika"
• 40HQ (High Cube 40-foot chidebe)
• Makulidwe amkati: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Kulemera Kwambiri Kwambiri: 26 matani
• Voliyumu Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito: pafupifupi. 68 CBM
• Dzina lakutchulira: "High Cube Container"
Komwe mungagwiritse ntchito:
• 20GP ndi yoyenera katundu wolemera monga matailosi, matabwa, mapepala apulasitiki, ndi mankhwala odzaza ng'oma.
• 40GP / 40HQ ndizoyenera kunyamula katundu wopepuka kapena voluminous, kapena katundu wokhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera, monga ulusi wopangira, zida zoyikapo, mipando, kapena zida zamakina.
Kukhathamiritsa Kwazinthu: Kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku Guangdong
Makasitomala athu poyambirira adagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe apamsewu potumiza katundu kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku Guangdong. Galimoto iliyonse yamamita 13 imanyamula matani 33 a katundu pamtengo wa RMB 9,000 paulendo, ndi nthawi yodutsa masiku awiri.
Pambuyo posintha njira yathu yoyendetsera zoyendera panyanja, katunduyo tsopano amatumizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makontena a 40HQ, chilichonse chili ndi matani 26. Mtengo watsopano wazinthu ndi RMB 5,800 pachidebe chilichonse, ndipo nthawi yodutsa ndi masiku 6.
Potengera mtengo, zoyendera panyanja zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zogulira zinthu—kuchokera pa RMB 272 pa toni mpaka RMB 223 pa tani—zimene zimachititsa kuti apulumuke pafupifupi RMB 49 pa tani.
Pankhani ya nthawi, zoyendera panyanja zimatenga masiku 4 kuposa zoyendera pamsewu. Izi zimafuna kuti kasitomala asinthe zofananira pakukonza kwazinthu ndikukonza zopangira kuti apewe kusokoneza kulikonse.
Pomaliza:
Ngati kasitomala safuna kubweretsa mwachangu ndipo akhoza kukonzekera kupanga ndi katundu pasadakhale, chitsanzo choyendera panyanja chimapereka njira yotsika mtengo, yokhazikika, komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe.