Yolembedwanso kuchokera ku “Digital Dharma Circle”: Nkhani Imodzi Yoti Mumvetse: Ubale Pakati pa ERP ndi CRM, MRP, PLM, APS, MES, QMS, WMS, SRM.
Masiku ano, kaya ndi kupanga zinthu, makampani ogulitsa, kapena mabizinesi ozikidwa pa mapulojekiti, nthawi iliyonse nkhani yokhudza kusintha kwa digito ndi kufotokozera zinthu ikakhalapo, nthawi zambiri zinthu zimakhala motere:
◦ Bwana: "Kodi tiyenera kukhazikitsa ERP?"
◦ Mtsogoleri wa Ntchito: “Kodi ifenso sitikufuna CRM tsopano?”
◦ Mtsogoleri wa Zopanga: “Nanga bwanji za MES? Kusakhala ndi imodzi sikukuwoneka ngati kwabwino.”
◦ IT: “Kwenikweni, APS, PLM, QMS, WMS, SRM… zonse ndi zofunika kwambiri.”
Kenako chipinda chochitira misonkhano chimakhala chete kwa masekondi atatu.
Palibe amene angayerekeze kuyimba foni chifukwa palibe amene angafotokoze momveka bwino kuti: Kodi ubale pakati pa machitidwe awa ndi wotani kwenikweni? Kodi imodzi ndi yapamwamba kuposa inayo? Kodi kukhala ndi zambiri kumatanthauza kuti ndinu waluso kwambiri?
Mu nkhani ya lero, sinditenga mbali ndi ogulitsa kapena makampani opereka upangiri. Ndingoyang'ana momwe bizinesi ikuyendera ndikufotokozera bwino machitidwe awa:
● Zimene amachita
● Mavuto amene amathetsa
● Ubale wawo ndi ERP
● Nthawi yoti mugwiritse ntchito komanso nthawi yoti musagwiritse ntchito
Kumbukirani chiganizo chimodzi chokha:
ERP si yosiyana ndi machitidwe ena onse; ndi dongosolo lapakati la mitsempha.
1. Choyamba, tiyeni tifotokoze mfundo yosokoneza kwambiri:
ERP(Kukonza Zinthu Zokhudza Makampani)si ntchito yeniyeni; ndi gulu la maziko ogwirira ntchito.
Anthu ambiri amaganiza za ERP ndipo choyamba chimene amachita ndi: dongosolo la zachuma, kasamalidwe ka zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo, kulemba ma invoice ndi kusunga mabuku… Izi ndi zolondola ndi 30% yokha. ERP yokhwima kwenikweni imafuna zinthu zitatu:
1. Kugwirizanitsa miyezo ya deta
2. Kuphatikiza njira zamabizinesi
3. Kuyika malamulo ogwirira ntchito
Mwanjira ina:
ERP imayang'anira momwe bizinesi imagwirira ntchito, osati momwe dipatimenti inayake imagwirira ntchito.
Kotero, machitidwe omwe mumamva pambuyo pake—CRM, MRP, PLM, APS, MES, QMS, WMS, SRM—palibe ngakhale imodzi mwa iwo yomwe imalowa m'malo mwa ERP. Awa ndi mphamvu zochepa za ERP kapena zowonjezera za ERP.
Tiyeni tigawane chimodzi ndi chimodzi.
II. ERP ndi CRM: Chimodzi Chimayang'anira Momwe Ndalama Zimapezekera, China Chimayang'anira Momwe Makasitomala Amatetezedwera
Kodi CRM (Customer Relationship Management) imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mwachidule, CRM imachita chinthu chimodzi: kusintha malonda kuchokera ku njira yodzimva ngati chinthu chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, chowunikiranso, komanso chobwerezabwereza.
Imayang'ana kwambiri pa:
• Komwe makasitomala amachokera (otsogolera)
• Ndani akutsatira (wogulitsa)
• Kodi zotsatira zake zili pa siteji iti?
• Kaya pali chiopsezo chotaya mgwirizanowu
• Ngati kugulitsa zinthu kungatheke mutatseka
Ndiye kodi ERP imayang'anira chiyani?
ERP imasamala za:
• Ngati oda iyi ingalandiridwe
• Mtengo wake ndi wotani?
• Ngati phindu lonse lingawerengedwe bwino
• Kaya kutumiza, kupereka ma invoice, ndi kusonkhanitsa ndalama zimapanga njira yotsekedwa
Mutha kumvetsetsa izi motere: CRM imayang'anira ndalama zoyendetsera kutsogolo, ERP imayang'anira chithandizo cha backend.
Mapangano amapambana mu CRM, ndipo amakwaniritsidwa, amathetsedwa, ndipo amawerengedwa mu ERP.
Popanda ERP, ngakhale patakhala mapangano ambiri mu CRM, ndalama, katundu, ndi kutumiza zinthu zidzakhala zovuta. Popanda CRM, ngakhale patakhala ERP yonse, malonda a front-end amadalira kwathunthu kutsatira ndi kumva pamanja.
Mwachidule: Kwa makampani omwe amagulitsa, ayenera kukhalaCRM + ERPkugwira ntchito limodzi, osasankha chimodzi kuposa china.
III. ERP ndi MRP: MRP Si Dongosolo Lodziyimira Payokha, Koma Ndi Mphamvu
Uwu ndiye womwe sumvetsetseka bwino kwambiri.
Kodi kwenikweni MRP ndi chiyani?
MRP = Kukonzekera Zofunikira pa Zinthu. Mfundo yake yaikulu ndi chiganizo chimodzi chokha:
Kutengera ndi maoda ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo, werengerani zomwe mungagule, kuchuluka kwa zomwe mungagule, komanso nthawi yoti mugule.
Dziwani, ndati werengerani.
Kodi mgwirizano wake ndi ERP ndi wotani?
Mu ERP yamakono: MRP kwenikweni ndi imodzi mwa ma module ofunikira a ERP. Mwa kuyankhula kwina: popanda deta yoyambira kuchokera ku ERP (BOM, inventory, orders), mawerengedwe a MRP sangakhale olondola.
Ngati mugula makina odziyimira pawokha a MRP, mwina izi ndi izi:
• Deta iyenera kutumizidwa pamanja
• Zotsatira zimafunika kuweruza mwadala
• Mumadalirabe kumverera kwa m'mimba mukatha kuwerengera
Vuto la mabizinesi ambiri si kusowa kwa MRP, koma:
• BOM yolakwika
• Zinthu zosalondola zomwe zili m'gululi
• Kusintha kwa dongosolo losokonezeka
Kenako amadzudzula dongosololi chifukwa cha kukhalapo. Ngati mawerengedwe a MRP ndi olakwika, 90% ya nthawi ndi vuto loyambira la data, osati vuto la algorithm.
IV. ERP ndi PLM: Chimodzi Chimayang'anira Momwe Mungagulitsire, China Chimayang'anira Momwe Mungapangire
Kodi PLM imachita chiyani?
PLM = Kuyang'anira Moyo wa Zamalonda. Imayang'ana kwambiri pa:
• Kapangidwe ka zinthu (BOM)
• Zojambula, zikalata zoyendetsera ntchito
• Kusintha kwa mtundu
• Miyezo yaukadaulo
Mwachidule, PLM imayendetsa malonda kuyambira pakupanga mpaka kumaliza.
Kodi ERP imafunika PLM liti?
Ngati mukupanga zinthu zosakhazikika, muli ndi zinthu zamitundu yambiri, kapena mukusintha kapangidwe kake pafupipafupi, ndiye kuti kasamalidwe ka BOM komwe kamamangidwa mu ERP mwina sikukwanira.
Pakadali pano, mukufunikira PLM kuti iyang'anire deta yaukadaulo pasadakhale, ndi ERP kuti igwire ntchito yopanga, kugula, ndi mtengo kumbuyo, mwachitsanzo:
• PLM imasankha zomwe zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga
• ERP imasankha zomwe ziyenera kugulidwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso ndalama zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati machitidwe awiriwa sanaphatikizidwe, vuto lalikulu ndilakuti: kusankhidwa ndi V3, kugula malinga ndi V2, mtengo umawerengedwa kutengera V1, kenako kampaniyo yonse imayang'anira mlandu pamodzi.
V. ERP ndi APS: Chimodzi chimawerengera ngati chiyenera kuchitika, china chimawerengera momwe mungachikonzere moyenera
Kodi APS imagwira ntchito bwanji?
APS = Kukonzekera Kwambiri ndi Kukonza Ndondomeko. Zimathetsa vuto lenileni komanso lopweteka kwambiri: maoda ambiri, zinthu zochepa, nthawi yochepa yogwirira ntchito, komanso nthawi yogwirira ntchito pamanja sizingakwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.
APS imayang'ana kwambiri mphamvu ya zida, ndondomeko ya njira, ndalama zosinthira, ndi kufunika kopereka.
Kodi ERP singathe kusamalira nthawi yopangira zinthu?
Zingatheke, koma ERP imadalira kwambiri kukonzekera zinthu mopanda dongosolo, pomwe APS imadalira kwambiri kukonza zinthu mwatsatanetsatane.
Mukhoza kumvetsa izi motere:
• ERP imakuuzani: Kuchuluka koti mupange mwezi uno
• APS imakuuzani: Ndi dongosolo liti lomwe makina awa ayenera kugwira ntchito mawa m'mawa?
Kodi muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito liti APS?
Sikuti nthawi zonse mukafika pamlingo winawake, koma mukakwaniritsa makhalidwe awa:
• Mitundu yambiri, voliyumu yochepa
• Kusintha kwa tsiku lotumizira pafupipafupi
• Zovuta zoonekeratu za zida
Kupanda kutero, ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito APS, mwina mudzakhala ndi machati okongola a Gantt pomwe malo ogulitsira sakuwatsatirabe.
VI. ERP ndi MES: Chimodzi chili mu Ofesi, china chili pa Sitolo
Kodi MES imayang'anira chiyani?
MES = Njira Yogwirira Ntchito Yopangira Zinthu. Imayang'anira:
• Kukwaniritsa dongosolo la ntchito
• Malipoti a njira
• Mkhalidwe wa zida
• Zosiyana ndi kupanga
Mwachidule, MES imayang'anira zomwe zimachitikadi m'sitolo.
Kodi ERP imayang'anira chiyani?
ERP imayang'anira mapulani, ndalama, zipangizo, ndi kubweza ndalama.
Vuto la mabizinesi ambiri ndilakuti mapulani a ERP ndi okongola, koma kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogulitsira kumadalira kwathunthu magulu a WeChat ndi ma whiteboard. Pamapeto pake, deta yonse mu ERP imalowetsedwa pambuyo pake.
Njira yolondola ndi iyi:
• ERP ikupereka mapulani
• MES imapereka ndemanga zenizeni pa momwe ntchito ikuyendera
• Mtengo, kupita patsogolo zimabwerera zokha
Kupanda kutero, ERP idzakhala njira ya "utsogoleri wokha" kwamuyaya.
VII. ERP ndi QMS: Chimodzi Chimayang'anira Zotsatira, China Chimayang'anira Njira
Kodi QMS imagwira ntchito bwanji?
QMS = Dongosolo Loyang'anira Ubwino.Imawunikira:
● Kuyang'ana komwe kukubwera
● Kuyang'anira mkati mwa ndondomekoyi
● Kuyendera kotuluka
● Kusatsatira malamulo, njira zowongolera, njira zopewera
Kodi gawo labwino mu ERP ndi lokwanira?
Kwa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono, inde. Kwa mafakitale omwe ali ndi zofunikira zapamwamba, ayi.
Chifukwa gawo labwino mu ERP nthawi zambiri limakhala lokhudza kujambula ndi zotsatira, pomwe QMS imalimbikitsa kwambiri:
● Kuwongolera njira
● Kutsata
● Kusintha kwa dongosolo
QMS ili ndi udindo pa momwe khalidwe limayendetsedwera, ERP ili ndi udindo pa momwe zotsatira zabwino zimakhudzira mtengo ndi kutumiza.
VIII. ERP ndi WMS: Limodzi Limayang'anira Mabuku, Lina Limayang'anira Malo
Kodi WMS imagwira ntchito bwanji?
WMS = Dongosolo Loyang'anira Nyumba Yosungiramo Zinthu. Limathetsa izi:
● Kusamalira malo
● Kusankha njira
● Manambala a magulu, masiku othera ntchito
● Ma barcode, kusanthula
Kodi ERP ilibe zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo?
Inde, koma ERP imayang'ana kwambiri maakaunti a kuchuluka ndi maakaunti amtengo wapatali, pomwe WMS imayang'anira:
● Kumene katundu ali
● Momwe mungawapezere
● Ndani walakwitsa?
Kodi mufunika WMS liti?
Mukakumana ndi:
● Kuwerengera zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo ndi kolondola, koma malo ndi osakhazikika
● Kupeza katundu kumadalira luso
● Mtengo wotumizira katundu wolakwika ndi wokwera
Ndicho chimene chimachitika nthawi zambiri pa ERP + WMS.
IX. ERP ndi SRM: Chimodzi Chimayang'anira Njira Zamkati, China Chimayang'anira Mgwirizano wa Ogulitsa
Kodi SRM imagwira ntchito bwanji?
SRM = Kuyang'anira Ubale wa OgulitsaImawunikira:
● Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka ogulitsa
● Nthawi yotumizira, ubwino
● Kugwirizana pakati pa anthu
● Kuwonekera poyera pa kugula zinthu
Kodi gawo logulira zinthu mu ERP silikwanira?
Ndi choncho, koma zimangothetsa njira zamkati.
SRM imathetsa mavuto a mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana, monga:
● Ogulitsa akutsimikizira maoda pa intaneti
● Kuyanjananso pa intaneti
● Kusamalira mavuto abwino nthawi zonse
X. Chidule Chomaliza
Mungakumbukire mwachindunji chithunzi ichi cha ubale:
● ERP: Malo ogwirira ntchito a kampani
● CRM: Malo ogulitsa
● MRP: Kutha kuwerengera zinthu
● PLM: Gwero la zinthu ndi ukadaulo
● APS: Chida chapamwamba chokonzekera nthawi
● MES: Chida chogwiritsira ntchito pansi pa shopu
● QMS: Dongosolo labwino
● WMS: Kugwira ntchito mu nyumba yosungiramo katundu
● SRM: Mgwirizano wa unyolo wogulitsa
Sikuti machitidwe ambiri ndi abwino.
M'malo mwake,Kodi vuto lanu lopweteka kwambiri lomwe likufunika kuthetsedwa ndi dongosolo lodzipereka?
--Kumapeto--
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-30-2026