Kukonza Mayendedwe Oyendetsedwa ndi Zidebe Zam'madzi ku China
Gawo Loyambirira la Kutumiza Zidebe Zapakhomo
Kuyendetsa zinthu m'madzi m'mabotolo ku China kunayamba kale kwambiri. M'zaka za m'ma 1950, mabotolo amatabwa anali kale kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu pakati pa Shanghai Port ndi Dalian Port.
Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1970, zotengera zachitsulo—makamaka zolemera matani 5 ndi matani 10—zinalowetsedwa mu sitima ndipo pang'onopang'ono zinakulitsidwa mu kayendedwe ka sitima zapamadzi.
Komabe, chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zolepheretsa monga:
• Ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito
• Kusagwira bwino ntchito
• Kuthekera kochepa pamsika
• Kusowa kokwanira kwa zosowa zapakhomo
Kukwera kwa Mayendedwe Okhazikika a Zidebe Zapakhomo
Kupitirizabe kwa kusintha ndi kutsegula njira ku China, pamodzi ndi kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka zachuma, kunathandizira kwambiri kukula kwa malonda a dzikolo otumiza ndi kutumiza kunja.
Kuyendera makontena kunayamba kuyenda bwino, makamaka m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komwe kufunikira kwa zomangamanga ndi zoyendera kunakula kwambiri.
Kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito zogulitsa ziwiya zakunja kwapanga mikhalidwe yabwino kuti msika wonyamula ziwiya zamkati ukule, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti:
• Chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali pa ntchito
• Maukonde akuluakulu oyendetsera zinthu
• Mapulatifomu olimba odziwitsa
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri chinachitika pa Disembala 16, 1996, pamene sitima yoyamba yonyamula ziwiya zapakhomo ku China, chombo cha "Fengshun", chinachoka ku Xiamen Port chili ndi ziwiya zapadziko lonse lapansi. Chochitikachi chinali chiyambi chovomerezeka cha mayendedwe okhazikika a ziwiya zapakhomo m'madoko aku China.
Makhalidwe a mayendedwe a ziwiya zapamadzi zamalonda amkati ndi awa:
01. Kuchita bwino kwambiri
Kuyendera m'makontena kumathandiza kuti katundu anyamulidwe ndi kutulutsidwa mwachangu, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zoyendera ndi zoyendetsera, komanso kukonza bwino kayendetsedwe ka katundu. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwa kontena kokhazikika kumathandiza kuti zombo ndi malo osungiramo katundu azigwirizana bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kayendetsedwe ka katundu kayende bwino.
02. Zachuma
Kuyendetsa zidebe panyanja nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika mtengo kuposa kuyenda pamtunda. Makamaka pa katundu wolemera komanso mtunda wautali, kuyendetsa zidebe panyanja kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoyendera.
03. Chitetezo
Chidebecho chili ndi kapangidwe kolimba komanso magwiridwe antchito otsekera, zomwe zimatha kuteteza katunduyo ku kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chakunja. Nthawi yomweyo, njira zotetezera panthawi yoyendera panyanja zimathandizanso kuti katunduyo ayende bwino.
04. Kusinthasintha
Kuyendera m'makontena kumathandiza kuti katundu asamutsidwe kuchokera ku doko lina kupita ku lina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulumikizana kosasunthika kwa mayendedwe osiyanasiyana. Kusinthasintha kumeneku kumathandiza kuti mayendedwe apanyanja am'nyumba azitha kusintha malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana za mayendedwe.
05. Kuteteza chilengedwe
Poyerekeza ndi mayendedwe apamsewu, mayendedwe a zidebe zapamadzi ali ndi mpweya wochepa wa carbon, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, mayendedwe a zidebe amachepetsanso kupanga zinyalala za mapaketi, zomwe zimathandiza kuteteza chilengedwe.
| Njira za Kumwera kwa China | Madoko Opitako | Nthawi Yoyendera |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (kudzera Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | Masiku atatu |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (kudzera Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | Masiku atatu |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (kudzera Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | Masiku atatu |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | Masiku 5 |
| Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | Masiku 5 |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | Masiku 7 |
| Njira za Kumpoto kwa China | Madoko Opitako | Nthawi Yoyendera |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | Masiku 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Jingtang | Jingtang (via Tianjin) | Masiku 2.5 |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (kudzera ku Pacific International Terminal) | Masiku 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | Masiku 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (kudzera ku Rizhao, ndikulumikizana ndi Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, ndi Weifang) | Masiku 2.5 |
| Njira za Mtsinje wa Yangtze | Madoko Opitako | Nthawi Yoyendera |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | Masiku 7-8 |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (via Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | Masiku 20 |
Netiweki yotumizira makontena m'dziko muno yafika ponseponse m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mabowo akuluakulu a mitsinje ku China. Njira zonse zodziwika bwino zimagwira ntchito yokhazikika komanso yokonzedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Makampani akuluakulu otumiza makontena m'dziko muno omwe amachita ntchito zotumizira makontena m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'mitsinje ndi awa: Zhonggu Shipping, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, ndi Antong Holdings.
Taicang Port yakhazikitsa ntchito zotumizira mwachindunji ku malo oimika magalimoto ku Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, ndi Nanchang, komanso kuwonjezera maulendo apamwamba opita ku Suqian. Izi zikulimbitsa kulumikizana ndi madera akuluakulu onyamula katundu m'zigawo za Anhui, Henan, ndi Jiangxi. Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pakukulitsa kupezeka kwa msika m'chigawo chapakati cha Mtsinje wa Yangtze.
Mitundu Yodziwika ya Zidebe Zotumizira M'nyumba Zokhala ndi Zidebe
Mafotokozedwe a Chidebe:
• Chidebe cha 20GP (Cholinga Chachikulu cha mamita 20)
• Miyeso Yamkati: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Kulemera Kwambiri: matani 27
• Kuchuluka Kogwiritsidwa Ntchito: 24–26 CBM
• Dzina lachidzina: "Chidebe Chaching'ono"
• Chidebe cha 40GP (Cholinga Chachikulu cha mamita 40)
• Miyeso Yamkati: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Kulemera Kwambiri: matani 26
• Kuchuluka Kogwiritsidwa Ntchito: pafupifupi 54 CBM
• Dzina lachidzina: "Chidebe Chokhazikika"
• 40HQ (Chidebe chachikulu cha mamita 40)
• Miyeso Yamkati: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Kulemera Kwambiri: matani 26
• Kuchuluka Kogwiritsidwa Ntchito: pafupifupi 68 CBM
• Dzina lachidzina: "Chidebe cha Cube Chachikulu"
Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito:
• 20GP ndi yoyenera katundu wolemera monga matailosi, matabwa, ma pellet apulasitiki, ndi mankhwala odzaza ndi ng'oma.
• 40GP / 40HQ ndi yoyenera kwambiri pa katundu wopepuka kapena wolemera, kapena katundu wokhala ndi zofunikira zinazake, monga ulusi wopangidwa, zipangizo zopakira, mipando, kapena zida zamakina.
Kukonza Zinthu: Kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku Guangdong
Poyamba kasitomala wathu ankagwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe apamsewu potumiza katundu kuchokera ku Shanghai kupita ku Guangdong. Galimoto iliyonse ya mamita 13 inkanyamula matani 33 a katundu pamtengo wa RMB 9,000 paulendo uliwonse, ndipo nthawi yoyendera inali masiku awiri.
Pambuyo posintha njira yathu yabwino kwambiri yoyendera panyanja, katunduyo tsopano amatumizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makontena 40HQ, chilichonse chikunyamula matani 26. Mtengo watsopano wa zoyendera ndi RMB 5,800 pa kontena iliyonse, ndipo nthawi yoyendera ndi masiku 6.
Poganizira za mtengo, mayendedwe apanyanja amachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoyendera—kuchokera pa RMB 272 pa tani kufika pa RMB 223 pa tani—zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zokwana pafupifupi RMB 49 pa tani.
Ponena za nthawi, mayendedwe apanyanja amatenga masiku anayi kuposa mayendedwe apamsewu. Izi zimafuna kuti kasitomala asinthe momwe amakonzera zinthu ndi nthawi yopangira kuti apewe kusokoneza ntchito.
Mapeto:
Ngati kasitomala sakufuna kutumiza katundu mwachangu ndipo angathe kukonzekera kupanga ndi kusunga katundu pasadakhale, chitsanzo cha mayendedwe apanyanja chimapereka njira yotsika mtengo, yokhazikika, komanso yosawononga chilengedwe.